Definition of Relief in Geography

Meaning of Relief in Geography In topography, an areas help is the distinction between its most noteworthy and least rises. For example,â with the two mountains and valleys in the zone, the neighborhood alleviation of Yosemite National Park is amazing. A two-dimensional alleviation map shows the geology of a given zone. Physical help maps really have raised zones that speak to various rises. (You may have seen them in school.) However, in the event that youre going for a climb, theyre not extremely down to earth to convey in your pocket. Level Maps Level maps speak to alleviation in an assortment of ways. On more established level maps, you may see territories with lines of different thickness to speak to varieties in the steepness of areas. With this strategy, known asâ hachuring, the thicker the lines, the more extreme the region. As mapmaking developed, hachuring was supplanted by concealed territories that spoke to varieties in the steepness of the land. These kinds of maps may likewise show height documentations at different areas on the guide to give watchers some specific circumstance. Contrasts in rise on level maps can likewise additionally be spoken to utilizing various hues normally lighter to darker for rising rises, with the darkest zones being the farthest above ocean level. The disadvantage with this technique is that forms in the land dont appear. Perusing Topographic Maps Topographic maps, which likewise are kinds of level maps, use form lines to speak to height. These lines interface focuses that are at a similar level, so you realize that when you head out starting with one line then onto the next, you are either going up or down in rise. The lines likewise have numbers on them, determining which height is spoken to by the focuses associated by that line. The lines keep up a steady stretch between them, for example, 100 feet or 50 meters-which will be noted in the maps legend. As the lines draw nearer together, the land gets more extreme. On the off chance that the numbers become lower as you push toward the focal point of a zone, they speak to the site of a downturn and have hash blemishes on them to recognize them from slopes. Basic Uses for Topographic Maps Youll find topographic maps in outdoor supplies stores or online destinations that take into account open air lovers. Since topographic maps additionally show water profundities, areas of rapids, cascades, dams, pontoon incline passages, discontinuous streams, lush bogs and marshes, sand versus rock sea shores, sandbars, seawalls, sea walls, hazardous rocks, levees, and mangroves, they are amazingly helpful to campers, climbers, trackers, and anybody going angling, boating, or drifting. Topographic maps additionally show over-the-ground and covered pipelines, just as utility and utility poles, caverns, secured stores, burial grounds, mines, open-pit mines, campsites, officer stations, winter diversion territories, and earth streets that probable wont show up on your fundamental guide. While geography alludes to land, a graph that shows the differing profundities of water is calledâ a bathymetricâ chartâ orâ map. Notwithstanding indicating profundities with lines as on a topographic guide, these kinds of graphs may likewise show contrasts in profundities by means of shading coding. Surfers may survey bathymetric outlines of sea shores so as to find places where waves are probably going to break greater than in different territories (a precarious rising in vicinity to a sea shore implies bigger waves).

Need a Blog Name Generator 9 Best Tools Compared

Settling on a name is a significant initial step when beginning a blog. This post will show you the best blog name generator apparatuses accessible. Additionally, youll likewise get a few pointers on the most proficient method to approach picking that one immaculate blog name. Find out about catchphrase based names:The phrases that individuals type in the location bar of a program while looking for content are alluded to as watchwords. On the off chance that youâ can deal with a name that matches topâ keywords, precisely or in part, the two individuals and web search tools can discover yourâ blog more easily.Lets state that football is my obsession and I need to begin blogging about it. My first decision for a blog name includingâ the watchword football may be something like All About Football. The area URL will at that point read http://www.allaboutfootball.com.However, www.allaboutfootball.comâ is effectively taken. So I may need to consider a somewhat extraordinary blog name check if names like everything about football or football realities are accessible. I can take a stab at utilizing prefixes and postfixes in blend with the names proposed by you blog name generator to think of variations.For occasion, your blog or website might be about football or some other specialty like podcasting, drifting, cultivating, blossoms, magnificence or travel, or even your own portfolio. Whatever the specialty, its great if that finds a placeâ in the title of your space. It assists individuals with partner the specialty with the area name. Catchphrase based names can give a leg upâ with web crawlers. Notwithstanding, remember that there will be numerous comparative names with slight varieties in a similar specialty, so it might be difficult to captivate everyone. What's more, you may get reliant on web crawlers to carry guests to your site.Learn about brand-based names:Blog name generators can likewise assist you with thinking of begat words. These authored words ca n be formed after some time into brand names.If the blog is about you and your life, you can receive your own name.Or if youve been selling something, lets sayâ bakery things, in the area under any name, and on the off chance that it appreciates any degree of prevalence, you can utilize that as well. The name may have a specific altruism connected to it and you can take advantage of that for your blog name.You could likewise think of a completely authored name, a name that amounts to only sounds decent when you state it. Such names can possibly develop into huge brands. Recall that todays notable brands like Google and Twitter began as obscure names. Have a go at taking care of in initials, letters, syllables or parts of words in your blog name generator to concoct an absolutely new word.Developing a brand is difficult work, however it might be better over the long haul since individuals will likely recall that name far superior to a nonexclusive watchword filled name. Be that as i t may, gives look access to this more deeply:Keyword-based names or brandable names?If youre uncertain which sort of name has more prominent potential brand based or watchword based Matt Cutts, previous leader of the web spam group at Google, has a few expressions of guidance to share.See Matt: Basically, in the event that you have an accurate or halfway match catchphrase based space, it gives you a SEO advantage. However, take care that it is sponsored by top quality significant substance, quality referrals and web based life mentions.Whether you go in for brand based names or watchword based names, its best if the names are anything but difficult to recall, and simple to spell. Maintain a strategic distance from abnormal sounding names that individuals are probably going to spell incorrectly.Lets investigate the absolute best blog name generator apparatuses and how they stack facing each other:1. DomainWheel (domainwheel.com)Domain Wheel is easy to utilize, yet innovative. What I like about it is that it appears a great deal of accessible area choices, so you dont begin lamenting you didnt register one prior. Lets perceive how it works.You first include your keyword(s) of decision. It tends to be something normal, identified with your business, or it very well may be a grouping of a few words. At that point, hit Search Domain and get the wheel spinning.You ll get three sorts of results. The main classification incorporates top spaces like .com, .net, .organization. In the event that youve picked a current appropriate English word, dont expect for a .com to appear however. The subsequent class records Domain Wheels own created names, identified with your info, yet not utilizing the watchword as such. Finally, youll get three kinds of recommendations: one for names that sound like the watchword, one for rhyming catchphrases and one with arbitrary suggestions.The results set apart in green that likewise have a value joined will take you straightforwardly to a s pace seller where you can buy your new area. Sweet!2. Nameboy (www.nameboy.com)Nameboy can think of reasonable names for your blog, in view of watchwords. Fill in an essential depiction and a discretionary optional portrayal. At that point determine in the event that you need hyphens and rhyme.Once you discover the name you need, add it to truck. You can likewise spare the name for later area enlistment. Include some other area name that you effectively own to the truck. Thusly, you can look at the space names from the truck page, buy and secure them. At the point when you make a record with Nameboy, you can deal with all the area names you own from that account, any place the names are registered.Nameboy alsoâ offers a scope of administrations identified with finding, enrolling and keeping up a space name, making it one of the top choices among blog name generator tools.3. Wordoid (wordoid.com)Wordoid is a wise naming instrument that encourages you pick quality names utilizing clo se to 15 letters. Type in your watchword, select the quality level, and the language you need. You can pick more than one language. Determine the area of the catchphrases in the name. Wordoid will think of various alternatives and their accessibility for registration.The names will sound pleasant and youll probably not discover them in a dictionary.Wordoid is allowed to utilize. Nonetheless, to see your past inquiry history, or pin wordoids that youd like to return to later, youll need to sign in. You can sign in utilizing Facebook or Google.4. Panabee (www.panabee.com)Just depict your thought in two words and snap Search in Panabee. Youll have a rundown of accessible names dependent on the words. To assist you with enlarging your inquiry, it additionally makes interchange proposals got from the words you entered in and related terms.Panabee look over numerous stages, so youll know whether the name you picked is accessible on Facebook or Twitter also. You can likewise check applicat ion name accessibility and area name accessibility, including nation based domains.More space toolsThere are a lot more blog name generator devices accessible. Sick notice a couple of them here for an especially valuable capacity that each fulfills:123finderâ just snap on ? to discover who claims the name. Monitor the date on which a specific area name terminates and get to a rundown of area names coming up for sale.Domainr permits you to look through the whole area space that incorporates in excess of 1700 Top Level Domains.Domain Itâ offers URL sending, which implies you can get numerous space names to all highlight the equivalent website.Lean Domain Searchâ is an apparatus from Automattic Inc, the individuals behind WordPress. It is free with a precision of 95%. As inaccessible names are uncovered with rehashed look, precision is relied upon to improve.Name Meshâ recommends names in numerous classes like short, fun, new, and SEO.Whats next once you have your top blog name generator?There you have it right around ten apparatuses to mess with. The most exhaustive approach to begin your inquiry is give a shot in any event five of these tools.Write down the names you like and incorporate a rundown of 10-20 new names you consider fit.Then tight them down to five and demonstrate them to the individuals you trust. See which one ends up being the most appealing.However, in the event that you confide in your gut, the path of least resistance is to bounce into Domain Wheel and pick an accessible space that sounds directly for you.What if none of those blog name generator instruments have aided, and you are as yet taking a gander at different approaches to think of a blog name?Grab a dictionary.Look at contenders blog names.Use a word generator.Take motivation from books.Consider an alternate language (French, Italian)Take motivation from a TV series.Your blog name is your online character, and youll contribute time, exertion and cash to make it a very mu ch visited blog. Changing a name in the futureâ is difficult itll include work likeâ setting up divert joins, refreshing your location with Google and undertaking an advertising push for your new blog. You may likewise lose backlinks. Along these lines, its best to settle on a cautious decision of name for your blog, directly at the very beginning.So what to do next once you have your sights set on the ideal area name for your project?First, let me mention to you what you for the most part dont do. Dont purchase the area from your space generator of decision. The costs youll see are by and large higher.Instead, its a vastly improved decision to get an area name from the particular facilitating firm that youll later on use to have your site. The advantage is that you can frequently get the area name altogether with the expectation of complimentary when you purchase a facilitating package.For model, one of our suggested facilitating organizations, Bluehost, offers a free space name even with their least expensive facilitating plan at $2.95/month. Look at it. Simply go there once you realize what space you need to get. Register it by means of Bluehost, and pursue a facilitating plan at the equivalent time.Are you battling with finding a decent name for your blog? In the event that you need any assistance working with these blog name generator devices, dont dither to tell us in the remarks. Unique content by Vishnu Supreet and Karol K.* This post contains associate connections, which implies that on the off chance that you click on one of the item connections and, at that point buy the item, well get a little charge. No concerns however, youll still compensation the standard sum so theres no expense on your part.

The Blockbuster Costs of Real Star Wars Spaceships and More!

The Blockbuster Costs of Real Star Wars Spaceships and More! The Blockbuster Costs of Real Star Wars Death Stars, Spaceships and More! The Blockbuster Costs of Real Star Wars Death Stars, Spaceships and More!We all know Star Wars earns at the box office, but what would some of those epic space toys cost in real life? OppLoans has scoured the galaxy for the bottom line on all your favorite Star Wars set pieces.As we eagerly await this week’s release of Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, we’ve been thinking about how the way you watch a movieâ€"or entire movie franchiseâ€"can drastically change as you get older.As a kid, watching Star Wars was all about spaceships, grand adventures and using laser swords to battle an evil, asthmatic cyborg. But as an adult, you start noticing things in the films that may have breezed right past you before.No wonder Han Solo took the reward money at the end of A New Hope.For instance, you might wonder how anyone in these movies is able to afford the spaceships they’re constantly jetting around in. They make a lot of jokes about the Millennium Falcon being a piece of junk, which probab ly means that it costs a small fortune to maintain. No wonder Han Solo took the reward money at the end of A New Hope. That man’s got bills!And what about the Death Star, hmm? A space station that’s the size of a freaking moon? Emperor Palpatine had to become a shadowy dictator, because there is no way that project was making it through a Galactic Senate Budget Committee. So we wondered, if we were to try and build the Death Star today, how much would it actually cost?Lucky for us, we have this little thing called “the internet,” where no question is too weird to go unanswered. We did some snooping and found estimated costs for The Death Star, a Star Destroyer, an AT-AT, and even, yes, The Millennium Falcon. Enjoy!Death Star $852,000,000,000,000,000(via Centives)Yup. That’s right. 15 zeroes. It might come as a surprise, but building a space station the size of a moon plus a giant laser capable of blowing up a planet is an expensive endeavor. So expensive, in fact, that it would cost 852 quadrillion dollars, or over 7,000 times the yearly Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for the entire world!These calculations were made by the good folks at Centives, an economics blog started by students at Lehigh University, and their original post has some really fantastic insights. For instance, they calculate that the amount of iron found in the earth’s molten core would be enough to build 2 million Death Stars.However, the post also points out the fact that, based on the current rate of worldwide steel production, building a single Death Star would take over 800 thousand years. So if you’re planning on building one, pack some snacks. It’s going to be a long wait.Read the original post here.Star Destroyer â€" $636,000,000,000(via Quora)Aircraft carriers provide a really handy reference point when calculating the cost of a giant spaceship and/or Death Star. After all, aircraft carriers are already massive floating fortresses, so the basic amount of materials use d to build one can be easily scaled up to match the size of a much larger vessel.And wow is the Start Destroyer a much, much larger vessel. According to Quora contributor Kynan Eng (@kynan_eng), it would be approximately 44.4 the times of a Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier. Since those aircraft carriers cost around 10.44 billion each, a Star Destroyer would cost an estimated $464 billion.[1]And that’s the cost for Star Destroyers that can’t really do anything: no turbolasers, no engines, not even any electricity. It’s those extra costs that bump the total cost up to $636 billion.One thing those estimate don’t account for is the cost of actually getting the Star Destroyer into space. Warning: It ain’t cheap. Eng estimates that, using current technology for space travel, moving the Star Destroyer parts off-world would cost about 44.4 trillion. So yeah, start saving those pennies.Read the original post here.Millennium Falcon â€" $2,662,896,238This estimate comes courtesy of a spectacular infographic from Twizzle.And that’s all we’re going to say. Because we think you should check out the full infographic. Trust us. You’ll be happy you did.To see the infographic, click here.AT-AT â€" $196,000,000(via Quora)This estimate comes to us again from Kynan Eng. And while the price tag is still pretty astronomical, Eng also starts his post with some good news:“…the AT-AT is one of the few Star Wars vehicles that can be built using today’s technologies, creating jobs for working families today. It would also be completely useless from a military viewpoint, but that doesn’t matter because it is way cool and impressive.”We couldn’t agree more. Using AT-AT dimensions from Wookieepedia  (if you’re not familiar with that site, it’s exactly what you think it is) and comparing them to the cost of various heavy-duty vehicles, Eng estimates a total cost of $196 million for the AT-AT.This is actually achievable, people. Someone start a GoFundMe!R ead the original post here.So, there you have it, running a Galactic dictatorshipâ€"or rebelling against oneâ€"isn’t cheap. When you’re in the theater this weekend checking out the latest addition to the Star Wars saga, maybe you’ll have a new appreciation for the Empire. Sure, they’re undeniably the worst, but somewhere deep in their ranks  they’ve got an amazing finance department. Give those goons a raise!References:“List of Countries by Projected GDP.” Statistics Times. Retrieved December 14, 2016 from http://statisticstimes.com/economy/countries-by-projected-gdp.php

The Sioux Member And The Lakota Member - 2175 Words

Our next question was, â€Å"Is it common that there are people within your tribe that do not (can not or choose not to) act upon the values of silence and listening to others?† We asked this to gain an insight into how these values were demonstrated throughout each tribe, rather than within our interviewees individual lives. The Sioux member answered that nearly all of the members of their tribe practices these values within their daily interactions, aside from small children who are still within the learning process. The Navajo member answered that the it’s uncommon for individuals to stray from these values, that they are strictly adhered to within his tribe. In contrast, the Cherokee member shared that it’s not common for people to violate these norms and expectations within a formal setting. For example, these norms and expectations would always be followed when talking to an elder, someone of importance within the tribe, within school, or when speaking to s omeone you are unfamiliar with. However, these values become less strict within familiar and comfortable settings, such as with friends or at home. This question provided an interesting contrast for the impression management theory. Overall, it seemed that these values and/or norms and expectations are to be adhered to. Although, in certain tribes such as the Cherokee tribe, there may be circumstances where these expectations become less strict. We believe that these values are upheld within formal settingsShow MoreRelatedLakota Sioux Tribe : The Lakota Tribe1200 Words   |  5 PagesThe Lakota Sioux primarily located in North and South Dakota â€Å"are one of three main subdivisions of the Great Sioux Nation† (â€Å"Lakota†, n.d). Prior to the 1900’s, â€Å"The Lakota tribe consist of seven bands that lived throughout the Great Plains, the largest and most famous of being the Oglala Sioux Tribe† (â€Å"Lakota†, n.d.). In the late 1800’s th e Lakota were relocated to several reservations, with the majority of the tribe living on the Pine Ridge Reservation and the Rosebud Reservation. In additionRead MoreLakota Indian Genocide Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious group. Such as killing members of a group, causing serious bodily or mental harm, inflicting the group member lives to cause destruction, imposing measures intended to prevent birth, and forcibly transferring children of a particular group. Based off these criteria of genocide I believe the acts upon the Lakota Sioux Indians highlighting the instance of the Battle of Wounded Knee and Indian Boarding Schools are acts of genocide. The acts committed on the Sioux Indians can be deemed genocidalRead MoreWorldview Approach: Major Values of Lakota Culture from the Book Lame Deer Seeker of Visions by Richard Erdoes1250 Words   |  5 PagesAnthropology. Book Report On Lame Deer Seeker Of Visions In this assignment, the topic I chose is â€Å"Worldview approach: Major Values of Lakota Culture†. It is about the relationship of Lame Deer book and the Lakota. In particular, the topic explores what the Lakota values much and how this is portrayed in the book (Lame Deer Seeker of Visions). In the essay, in exploring this topic, a summary of this book is first given. Second, I do explain why I choose the topic and what I knew about it priorRead MoreUnderstanding The Lakota Sioux Tribe1542 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the Lakota Sioux I have chosen to conduct research and develop my project around the Native American group, the Lakota Sioux. In particular, my focus will be on the role trauma plays in their culture. I chose The Lakota Sioux because of the fact that they are from the area and surrounding area of where I live and I have always had an interest in Native Americans. The Lakota people have suffered greatly due to trauma brought on as a result of unjust events throughout their historyRead MoreDances with Wolves: Changing from a Dignified Solider to a Sioux Warrior810 Words   |  4 PagesIn the movie Dances with Wolves Lieutenant John Dunbar is a dynamic character; changing throughout the film from a dignified United States Army soldier, to a passionate Lakota Sioux member. On his journey, Dances With Wolves takes in many experiences many have only dreamt about. When he rides Cisco out onto the battlefield in a suicide attempt, he has no idea that he indeed will live and will never lead the same lif e again. John Dunbar changed in many ways reflected upon in the film, including:Read MoreThe Life Of Sitting Bull1420 Words   |  6 Pagesaccompanied a group of Lakota warriors (which included his father and his uncle Four Horns) in a raiding party to take horses from a camp of Crow warriors. Jumping Badger displayed bravery by riding forward and counting coup on one of the surprised Crow, which was witnessed by the other mounted Lakota. Upon returning to camp his father gave a celebratory feast at which he conferred his own name upon his son. Continued.. The name, TÈŸatÈŸaÅ‹ka IyotÈŸaÅ‹ka (Tatanka Iyotake), which in the Lakota language meansRead MoreIndian Tribe s Cultural Dance And Indian Tribes1177 Words   |  5 Pagesof dances for cultural beliefs for example the Lakota, Navajo, Ponca, Ojibway tribes did multiple dances to help with their way of life. This paper will explain why these cultures believe in the expression of dance to help with their way of life. I will explain the difference between the Lakota Indian Tribe’s cultural Dance and the Ponca Indian Tribe. Before I go into why the two tribes dance the way they do I must first learn who they are. The Lakota Indians are a tribal Native America group thatRead MoreThe Lakota Tribe Of The Great Plains Essay1336 Words   |  6 Pages The Lakota tribes environmental wisdom and spirituality grew to stabilize among years of conservation and concern for the earth. All animals were respected like humans and the rivers and trees were cared for because the nature was well alive like the humans that existed in it. The Lakota tribe lives on the Northern Plains of North America and are often referred to as Sioux. The Lakota tribe of the Great Plains is very much rooted to the earth and place a huge emphasis on it being their home. InRead MoreHistory Research Paper on Battle at Wounded Knee1742 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"To own the Earth, There is no word for this in the Sioux Language.† The Battle of Wounded Knee was the last battle of the American Indian Wars it was also one of the most gruesome battles that either side had seen. An estimated three hundred Indians lay dead while the US army had lost twenty five and thirty nine were wounded some of who would die later. This was one of the worst acts that the Americ ans have ever done to the Native Americans. One Native American stated later â€Å"it was as if the soldiersRead MoreBlack Elk Speaks By John Neihardt1392 Words   |  6 Pageswas to hold the circle together through the power of a vision given to him and despite feeling as though he failed his people he had hope that through his story it would increase understanding of the Lakota religion and was optimistic it would bring peace between the Wasichus (white people) and the Lakota (Neihardt, 1972). In August of 1930 Neihardt had his first meeting with Black Elk while on a pursuit to obtain information about the Ghost Dance for a different purpose; having interviewed other healers

Examples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird - 741 Words

To Kill A Mockingbird Essay Assignment: Topic 2 To Kill a Mockingbird took place during the 1930s, a period shortly after the American civil war in Maycomb County, Alabama, the deep south where black people suffered from racism and discrimination. In this book, Tom Robinson was accused of raping a white woman, which was something that he’s never done, even though all the evidence proved that he did not violate that white woman, Tom was judged guilty because he was a black man. Racism is presented throughout the entire book especially when Scout got teased by her family about Atticus taking Tom’s case, and the townspeoples perception about Atticus, as well as during the trial of Tom Robinson. Racism is presented in the book when Scout†¦show more content†¦It is our church, ain’t it, Miss Cal?†(P158) Lula was stating that white people and black people were different and they should not get involved with each other, and everyone in town had that same idea. It wasn’t hard to tell that racism was a deeply rooted in people’s mindset, and that leads to everything during the trial of Tom Robinson. There are no better examples of racism and discrimination than what happened during the trial of Tom Robinson. The trial began with Sheriff Tate saying that Bob Ewell came to him after Tom run away and he claims that Mayella was beating up on her right side. That could never be done by Tom Robinson since his left arm does not work, â€Å" His left arm was full twelve inches shorter than his right, and hung dead at his side. It ended in a small shriveled hand, and from as far away as the balcony I could see that it was no use to him.† Also, Atticus made Bob Ewell write down his name to prove to Judge Taylor that he was left-handed and he was the one who raped Mayella. It took the judge several hours before making the final verdict, even though everything favors the innocence of Tom Robinson, he was still sentenced guilty. Nothing could save Tom Robinson, Atticus had given all the pieces of evidence and details needed to prove him not guilty and it was more than clear that Bob Ewell raped Mayella instead of Tom Robinson, just like Atticus said: â€Å" She was white, she tempted a Negro. She did something that in ourShow MoreRelatedExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird774 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel To Kill a Mockingbird racism is a big theme and is relevant between whites and blacks throughout the story. Racism is a belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race, according to Merriam-Webster. But not just in the novel is racism present. Also the United States had and still has a problem with racism. And America will never achieve racial, but also social, equality. AfricanRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1249 Words   |  5 Pagesneeded jobs besides themselves. They just could not take the change that was happening and that is when racism started, which then lead to mobs, which then also lead to the unfortunate event of the Scottsboro trials. The first connection to America’s actual history is the presence of the Jim Crow laws in To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee. The Jim Crow Laws were unfair and dumb. Some examples would be the law about blacks having sexual intercourse with whites. The whites believed that it would createRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird795 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book To Kill a Mockingbird it shows a man being wrongfully tried in a court of law and is not judged on the crime or the evidence that is given but only by the color of his skin. This is seen with Tom Robinson with his skin color, Atticus because he’s trying to treat every human being equally, and Boo Radley is judged because he never comes out of his house. Racism is a terrible thing and in this book it shows how it can affect someones life and even thoughts. For example Tom Robinson isRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird1341 Words   |  6 PagesThe racial concerns that Harper Lee addresses in To Kill a Mockingbird began long before her story starts and continued long after. In order to sift through the many layers of prejudice that Lee exposes in her novel, the reader needs to understand the complex history of race relations in the South. Many states — particularly in the South — passed Jim Crow laws (named after a black, minstrel show character), which severely limited how African Americans could participate in society. The U.S. SupremeRead MoreExamples Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee1142 Words   |  5 Pages Harper Lee wrote To Kill A Mockingbird during a time where racism was prevalent. The book highlights many different ways racism occurred. It also shows what growing up as a child, in this case specifically a young girl, is like in the south during the time of the great depression. Within the first three chapters alone Harper Lee make a great example of the struggles of money many families had and how it impacted even the children. In an early part of chapter two Scout says â€Å"Miss Caroline, he’sRead MoreWhy Is Innocence Becomes Experience?1225 Words   |  5 PagesIn To Kill A Mockingbird there are several reason why innocence becomes experience. Phys.com stated â€Å"Between ages 5 and 11, the researchers found, children become aware that many people believe stereotypes, including stereotypes about academic ability. When children become aware of these types of bias about their own racial or ethnic group, it can affect how they respond to everyday situations.† This shows that Scout and Jem are in a time of their lives when racism will take effect. Not only becauseRead MoreKill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee913 Words   |  4 PagesIn Defense of To Kill A Mockingbird Rough Draft To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee has been banned and/or challenged over thirty times since its publication in 1960. Effectively preventing many students from enjoying the novel and benefitting from its message. To ignore racism is no different than denying it ever existed. To Kill a Mockingbird is appropriate for mature adolescence/students and should not be banned from schools. Despite its sexual related content, or profanity, a valuable lessonRead MoreAnalysis Of Harper Lee s Kill A Mockingbird 1491 Words   |  6 PagesHarper Lee’s ​ To Kill a Mockingbird ​ is a critically acclaimed, Pulitzer Prize winning novel that instantly attained its position as one of the greatest literary classics (Editors).The story of Scout Finch’s childhood has become one of the most notable narratives that addresses controversial issues present in the early 20th century. Lee’s novel depicts themes of race, justice, and innocence throughout the novel. Although ​ To Kill a Mockingbird​ is regarded as a literary masterpiece in AmericanRead MoreImpact Of Racism In To Kill A Mockingbird910 Words   |  4 PagesIn Harper Lee’s book â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Jem , Scout , and Dill live in Maycomb , Alabama around the time of the 1930’s they all were struggling through racism and poor family’s trying to get by. Harper Lee’s first and only novel â€Å"To Kill A Mockingbird† was published during the civil right movements. In this book Jem, Scout, and Dill tend to have courage and loyalty through life and in their relationship toward one another . Jem and Scout are brother and sister, Dill is a friend of the familyRead More Racism in Literature Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesRacism, a disease of the ignorant, is a horrific part of society, and has reared its ugly head throughout history, and is continuing to do the same today. Racism comes in many shapes and forms, directed towards a variation of cultures. It can end lives and tear communities apart. Often times, there are people who see racism, and are inspired to write about it, with the goal in mind to make a difference and change societies belief. Abel Meeropol and Harper Lee had that goal in common, when writing

Blood Promise Chapter Fourteen Free Essays

string(56) " was noticing me for the first time-and was interested\." The encounter with Denis left me even more confused than before. It was a shocking illustration of Mark’s warning, an omen of what I too might become if I wasn’t careful. I wasn’t really the same as Denis, was I? I wasn’t aimlessly seeking danger. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Promise Chapter Fourteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was seeking danger†¦ well, for a reason. I had to fulfill the promise I’d made to find Dimitri. Maybe it was suicidal and I was only deluding myself into thinking it was noble. Viktoria left me little opportunity to ruminate. Later that evening, as the family was settling down in the living room after way too much food, she glibly asked Olena, â€Å"Can I go over to Marina’s? She’s having a party before we go back to school.† Wow. It looked like Abe and the Alchemists weren’t the only ones keeping secrets around here. I glanced between Olena and Viktoria’s faces, curious as to how this would play out. Olena and Yeva were both knitting, but Yeva didn’t look up. Viktoria had spoken in English. Olena’s face turned thoughtful. â€Å"You have to leave early tomorrow to go back to school.† â€Å"I know. But I can sleep on the bus. Everyone else will be there tonight.† â€Å"? ®Everyone else’ isn’t a convincing argument,† scoffed Olena. â€Å"They’ll all be tired tomorrow too,† replied Viktoria, grinning. â€Å"You’ll miss your last night with Rose.† â€Å"I’ll hang out with her after I get back.† â€Å"Great. And stay up even later.† â€Å"Not that late. I’ll be back by two.† â€Å"Absolutely not. You’ll be back by midnight.† Olena returned to her knitting. But that had been permission if I’d ever heard it. Viktoria looked at the clock. It was almost eight thirty. Her face told me she wasn’t happy about the curfew, but she apparently decided to take what she could get. Karolina gave us an odd look as we left the room but remained silent. Sonya and Paul, engrossed in TV, barely noticed our departure. I had to find out what was going on. â€Å"Okay,† I said once we were heading upstairs, â€Å"what gives? I thought you weren’t going to Marina’s.† Viktoria grinned and beckoned me into her bedroom. I’d recently learned her bedroom used to be Dimitri’s, and every time I was in here, I had to resist the urge to go bury myself in the bed, even though I knew the sheets had been washed countless times since those days. Somehow, I could imagine them smelling like Dimitri and feeling warm as though we were both lying there together. â€Å"I’m not.† Viktoria began rifling through her closet and pulled out a short, sleeveless red dress with lace around the straps. The fabric was stretchy -the kind that looked like it’d show everything. I was shocked when she began putting it on. It was pretty trashy. â€Å"Is this a joke?† Nope. Viktoria took off her shirt and jeans and pulled the dress on. She had no trouble with it, but it was every bit as clingy as it had appeared. She wasn’t as filled out as I was on top, but in a dress like that, it didn’t matter. â€Å"Okay,† I said, catching on at last. â€Å"What’s his name?† â€Å"Rolan,† she said. â€Å"Oh, Rose. He’s amazing. And this is the last night I’ll get to see him before school.† I didn’t know whether to feel happy for her or sad for Nikolai. This Rolan guy must have been the reason she couldn’t give Nikolai the time of day. She was totally in love with someone else. Still, that dress†¦ â€Å"You must really like him,† I observed dryly. Her eyes widened. â€Å"Do you want to meet him?† â€Å"Er, well, I don’t want to interfere with your date†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You won’t. Just stop by and say hi, okay?† It felt pretty intrusive, yet at the same time†¦ well, I was kind of curious about a guy who could get her to leave the house in that kind of outfit, particularly when she started applying really heavy makeup: extra-dark eyeliner and bright red lipstick. So I agreed to meet Rolan, and we left the house as quietly as we could. Despite wearing a coat over her dress, Viktoria still didn’t want to run into her mother. We headed downtown, following a few twists and turns until we ended up behind what looked like an ordinary warehouse in an abandoned part of town. All was quiet, but a tall, tough-looking dhampir stood by a door leading into the building, his arms crossed in front of him. Viktoria brought us to a halt nearby, saying we had to wait there. A minute later, a group of Moroi men of mixed ages wandered up, chatting and laughing. The dhampir gave them a once-over and then opened the door for them. Light and music spilled out until the door shut-and all went silent again. â€Å"So this is Baia’s secret dhampir world,† I murmured. She didn’t hear me because suddenly, her face lit up. â€Å"There he is!† She pointed to two approaching guys. Both were Moroi. Well, who knew? Viktoria’s secret boyfriend wasn’t a dhampir. I guessed that wasn’t too shocking, really, though the way she’d dressed tonight still bothered me. She gave him a fierce hug and introduced us. His friend was named Sergey, and he smiled politely before hurrying inside where he was apparently meeting a girl too. I had to give Viktoria credit: Rolan was hot. His hair was dark auburn, soft and wavy. The green of his eyes reminded me-painfully-of Adrian’s. And when he smiled at Viktoria, it was dazzling. The look on her face was exactly like Nikolai’s whenever he was around her. Rolan took a hold of Viktoria’s hands and brought them to his lips, kissing each one. Those green, green eyes gazed at hers, and he murmured something I couldn’t hear. She blushed and replied in Russian. I didn’t need any translation to know the content was sexy and flirty. Still smiling, he glanced over at me, and although she’d introduced us, it was like he was noticing me for the first time-and was interested. You read "Blood Promise Chapter Fourteen" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"You’re new here, aren’t you?† he asked. Viktoria wrapped her arms around him and rested her head on his chest. â€Å"Rose is visiting. She’s a friend of the family.† â€Å"Ah,† he said. â€Å"Now I remember hearing about you. I had no idea such a fierce Strigoi killer would be so beautiful.† â€Å"It’s part of the job description,† I said dryly. â€Å"Will you be returning to school with Viktoria?† he asked. â€Å"No. I’ll be staying here a little longer.† I still had no clue, though, if â€Å"a little longer† was one hour or one year. â€Å"Hmm,† he said thoughtfully. He looked back down at Viktoria and pressed a kiss to her hair, running his fingers along her throat. His next words were to her. â€Å"I’m glad you were able to come here before you left. I don’t know how I’ll get by with you so far away.† She beamed. â€Å"There was no way I could leave without seeing you one more time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She trailed off, too overcome with emotion, and as he leaned down, hand still on her throat, I thought for an awful moment that they were going to start making out then and there. Fortunately, the appearance of an approaching dhampir girl interrupted them. Viktoria broke from Rolan and embraced the other girl. They apparently hadn’t seen each other in a while and chatted rapidly in Russian, ignoring Rolan and me. Free of her for a moment, he leaned toward me. â€Å"Once Viktoria has returned to school, you’ll be all alone here. Maybe I could show you around then?† â€Å"Thanks, but I’ve already seen everything.† He kept that big smile on. â€Å"Of course. Well, then, perhaps we could simply get together and†¦ talk?† I couldn’t believe it. This guy had had his hands all over Viktoria thirty seconds ago and was now trying to score plans with me the instant she left town. I was disgusted and had to restrain myself from doing something stupid. â€Å"Sorry, but I don’t think I’ll be around long enough.† I got the impression that women didn’t refuse him very often. He frowned and started to protest, but Viktoria returned and wrapped herself around him again. He studied me for several more puzzled seconds and then shifted his attention to her, smiling and turning on the charm. She ate it all up, and while the two tried to include me in their conversation, it was clear they were totally absorbed in each other. Rolan might be interested in me, but for now, she was an easier target-and one that wouldn’t be available much longer. I felt that disgust roil up in me again. The longer we stood out there, the more I realized what was going on. All the people going inside were Moroi guys or dhampir girls. And the girls were all dressed like Viktoria. This was a blood whore den. Suddenly, Baia’s secret dhampir world held no appeal. I hated it. I wanted nothing more than to get out of here. No, wait. I wanted nothing more than to get out of here and drag Viktoria away, even kicking and screaming. Rolan was sleazy, no question, and I didn’t want her anywhere near him. Yet it soon became clear they weren’t going to stand out in the alley all night. They wanted to go inside and do God only knew what. â€Å"Viktoria,† I said, trying to be reasonable, â€Å"are you sure you don’t want to come back home and hang out? I mean, I won’t get to see you tomorrow.† She hesitated, then shook her head. â€Å"I won’t get to see Rolan either. But I promise I’ll come see you as soon as I get home later. We’ll stay up all night. Mom won’t care.† I didn’t know what other protests to make. Rolan’s impatience, now that I’d refused him, was starting to show. He wanted to go inside. I wondered what was there†¦ a dance floor? Bedrooms? I probably could have gone with them to see for myself, despite being underdressed-or, well, overdressed as far as amounts of clothing went. Yet I couldn’t bring myself to do it. All my life, I’d been taught about blood whores and why their lifestyle was wrong. I didn’t know if Viktoria was becoming one-and I hoped she wasn’t-but there was no way I could set foot in there. It was a matter of principle. I watched them go with a heavy heart, wondering what I’d just let my friend walk into. Seeing her in that ultra-tight dress, plastered all over him, suddenly made me reevaluate everything. How much of this peaceful life in Baia was a sham? Was Viktoria-the girl who’d called me a sister really not the person I thought she was? Confused, I turned away to head back home-And almost walked into Abe. Again. â€Å"What the hell?† I exclaimed. He wore a tuxedo tonight, complete with tails and a silvery silk scarf. â€Å"Are you stalking me?† Stupid question. Of course he was. I hoped his formal wear meant he wouldn’t be dragging me off this evening. His guardians were equally well dressed. Idly, I wondered if a place like this had something to do with his illegal business dealings. Was he trafficking blood whores? Like some kind of pimp? Unlikely, seeing as most of these girls didn’t require much urging. Abe gave me that annoying knowing smile of his. â€Å"I see your friend is off to an interesting night. I had no idea Viktoria had such lovely legs. Now everyone knows, thanks to that dress.† I clenched my fists and leaned toward him. â€Å"Don’t you dare talk about her like that, old man.† â€Å"I’m not saying anything that isn’t obvious to everybody else. It’ll certainly be obvious to young Rolan soon.† â€Å"You don’t know anything about them!† Yet I didn’t believe my own words, not after seeing them walk off together. Abe, I could tell, knew what I was thinking. â€Å"These girls all say it won’t happen to them. But it always does. It’s what’ll happen to you if you stay.† â€Å"Oh, here we are,† I said mockingly. â€Å"I knew a threat had to be coming. The part where you order me again to leave the country or else bad, bad things will happen.† He gestured toward the door, where more Moroi and dhampirs were going. â€Å"I don’t even need to make anything bad happen. You’ll do it on your own by staying here. You’ll waste your life away, running errands for Olena Belikova. Potlucks will become the most exciting thing in your world.† â€Å"They’re good people,† I growled. â€Å"Don’t mock them.† â€Å"Oh, I’m not denying that.† He straightened his silk scarf. â€Å"They are good people. But they aren’t your people. This is a fantasy. You’re deluding yourself.† He was all sternness now. â€Å"Your grief has sent you here. Your man was ripped away from you, and you’ve ripped yourself away from your old friends. You’re trying to make up for it by convincing yourself that this is your family, that this is your home. They’re not. This isn’t.† â€Å"I could make this my home.† I still wasn’t sure of that, but my stubborn nature made me want to contradict him. â€Å"You aren’t meant for Baia,† he said, dark eyes blazing. â€Å"You’re meant for better things. You need to go back home, back to your school and the Dragomir princess.† â€Å"How the hell do you know about her? Who are you? When are you going to tell me who you work for? What do you want with me?† I had a feeling I was on the verge of hysterics. Hearing him refer to Lissa snapped something inside of me. â€Å"I’m merely an observer who can tell you’re wasting your time here. This is no life for you, Rose. Your life is back in the States. They say you were on track to be a great guardian. Do you know what an honor it is to be assigned to the last Dragomir? You could spend your life in elite, powerful circles. The reputation you’ve already gained will raise you in status and regard. You have a stunning career ahead of you, and it’s not too late to go back to it. Not yet.† â€Å"Who are you to talk about how I should live my life? I’ve heard that your hands are bloody-Zmey. You’re not exactly a good role model. What is it you’re involved in, anyway?† â€Å"My own affairs. And it’s exactly because of the life I lead that you should listen to me when I say abandon this path and go back home.† His words were urgent and authoritative, and I couldn’t believe he had the audacity to talk to me like that. â€Å"That’s not my life anymore,† I said icily. He gave a harsh laugh and gestured around us once more. â€Å"What, and this is? You want to go off and be a blood whore like your friend in there?† â€Å"Don’t call her that!† I shouted. â€Å"I don’t care if you’ve got bodyguards or not. I will hurt you, old man, if you say anything else about Viktoria.† He didn’t flinch at my explosion. â€Å"That was harsh, I admit. She’s not a blood whore. Not yet. But she’s one step away from it. As I said, it always happens in the end. Even if you aren’t used by someone like Rolan Kislyak-and believe me, he will use her, just like he did her sister-you’ll still end up alone with a baby you’re way too young for.† â€Å"Her†¦ wait.† I froze. â€Å"Are you saying he’s the guy who got Sonya pregnant? Why would Viktoria be involved with him after he did that and left her sister?† â€Å"Because she doesn’t know. Sonya doesn’t talk about it, and Mr. Kislyak thinks it’s a game, getting two sisters into bed. Too bad for him that Karolina’s smarter than the others or he could have had them all. Who knows?† He gave me a sardonic smile. â€Å"Maybe he’ll consider you part of the family enough to go after you next.† â€Å"Like hell. I’d never get involved with anyone like that. I’m never going to be involved with anyone again. Not after Dimitri.† Abe’s sternness gave way to momentary amusement. â€Å"Oh, Rose. You are young. You’ve barely lived. Everyone thinks their first love is the only one they’ll ever have.† This guy was really pissing me off, but I gained enough control to decide I wasn’t going to punch him. At least, I didn’t think so. I backed up a little, toward the building. â€Å"I’m not going to play your game here. And you can tell whoever you’re working for that I’m not playing theirs either and that I’m not going back.† One way or another, whether it was to hunt Dimitri or live with his family, I was staying in Russia. â€Å"You’re going to have to box me up and ship me there.† Not that I wanted to give Abe any ideas. I suspected he could do it if he wanted. Damn it. Who was behind this? Who would want to find me badly enough to send this guy after me? Weirder still, whoever it was was someone who cared enough about me to attempt reason. If Abe had actually wanted to abduct me, he already would have. He could have done it the night he brought me to Baia. All he would have had to do was keep driving to the nearest airport. I eventually needed to figure this out, but first I needed to get away from Abe. I backed up further. â€Å"I’m leaving, and you can’t stop me. And don’t spy on me anymore. This ends now.† Abe studied me for several seconds, his dark eyes narrowed thoughtfully. I could practically see the wheels of plots and world domination spinning in his head. At last he said, so quietly I could hardly hear him, â€Å"It won’t end with them, though.† â€Å"Who?† He pointed at the door. â€Å"Viktoria and Rolan.† â€Å"What are you getting at?† â€Å"You know what I’m getting at. She thinks she’s in love with him. He knows she’ll be back in school tomorrow. Tonight’s his last chance with her, and he won’t waste it. There are lots of bedrooms in there. They’re probably in one right now.† I tried to control my breathing. â€Å"Then I’ll go tell her mother.† â€Å"It’ll be too late. She’d never find them in time, and tomorrow, Viktoria will be on her way to school-and he’ll have no interest anymore. What can her mother do after the fact? Ground her?† I was getting angry, largely because I had a feeling he was right. â€Å"Fine. Then I’ll drag her off myself.† â€Å"That’ll never happen. She wants to do this. She won’t leave with you. Even if she did, she’d just find him again.† I eyed him. â€Å"Enough. You’re obviously hinting at something, so just get on with it.† He smiled, apparently pleased at my astuteness-or maybe my bluntness. â€Å"If you want to save her, you’ve got to go through him. Through Rolan.† I scoffed. â€Å"Not likely. The only way he’d leave her alone is if I offered to take her place.† And hey, friendship only went so far. â€Å"Not if I talk to him.† â€Å"What are you going to do, give him a talk on morality and sway him with reason?† â€Å"Oh, I’ll sway him, all right. But believe me, I won’t do it with reason-well, at least not the kind you’re thinking of. If I tell him to leave her alone, he’ll leave her alone. For good.† I stepped backward without realizing it and hit the wall. Abe looked scary as hell. Zmey. I didn’t doubt his words at all. He could get Rolan to leave Viktoria alone. In fact, he probably wouldn’t even use his dhampirs. Abe could deliver enough terror-and probably a good punch-to make it happen. â€Å"Why would you do that for me?† I asked. â€Å"As a sign of good faith. Promise to leave Baia, and I’ll deal with him.† His eyes gleamed. Both of us could feel the net closing around me. â€Å"That’s your tactic now? You’re offering me a trade? My leaving isn’t really worth you scaring some Moroi asshole.† The net grew tighter. â€Å"Isn’t it, Rose?† Frantically, I thought about what to do. Some part of me thought Viktoria was free to make her own choices, to love whom she wanted†¦ but I knew for a fact that Rolan didn’t love her. She was a conquest for him, as shown by his willingness to go after me-and Sonya, apparently. What would happen to Viktoria? Would she become like the rest of the women here? Would she be the next Belikov to have a baby? Even if she had no intentions of becoming a guardian, this wasn’t the right path for her. Karolina had declined to join the guardians and now lived a respectable life with her kids and a job that-if not exciting-was steady and allowed her to keep her dignity. I couldn’t let Viktoria turn down a road that could ruin the rest of her life. I couldn’t let that happen to Dimitri’s sister. Dimitri†¦ I knew him. I knew his protective nature. He would never let anything happen to those he cared about. I hated the thought of that blood whore den, but I still would have run in to get her-because that was what Dimitri would have done. But I didn’t know if I’d find her there in time. I knew, however, that Abe could-and that he could keep Rolan away forever. And so, I spoke without fully understanding the consequences of my words. â€Å"I’ll leave Baia.† How to cite Blood Promise Chapter Fourteen, Essay examples

Australian Journal Of Emergency Management â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Journal Of Emergency Management? Answer: Introducation The event of the black Saturday bushfires is, to date, one of the biggest recorded disaster in the state of Victoria. It was a series of fires that started in January 2009 with the biggest bushfire disaster happening on the 7th of February. It was responsible for the deaths of 171 people and the destruction on 2006 homes throughout the state. Though the ignition of the fires is still thought to be arson, no party has been identified as having orchestrated the event and as such, it has been considered and treated as a natural disaster. The Victorian Royal Commission was tasked with the management of preparing a final report in order to identify probable causes and also help generate a network of solutions in case of an emergency in the future. While a suspicion remains that the fires started as a results of arson, it is also attributable to the climatic conditions of the area where a heat wave had provided a surge in temperatures. House Loss Survey Findings From the house loss survey, it is evident that not much planning had been done prior to the fires to provide for a preventive solution. The state government, people and nation as a whole had been using policies that, while effective in dealing with smaller fires, could not be implemented on a fire event of the magnitude of the Black Saturday fires. Numerous houses and property that were lost could have been salvaged or saved had effective planning been done. It was noted, however, that the disaster management operations by both the government and non-governmental organizations were exemplary and it is because of them that a large portion of the affected areas survived (Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission, 2010). National Level: At a national level, planning activities for the eventualities of a fire disaster were misplaced as suggested by Denis OBryan in his paper House loss rate in a severe bushfire. He goes on to clarify that, following a paper by Ahern and Chladil written in 1999 in response to a similar bushfire crisis, it was suggested that close proximity to vegetation is directly proportional to the chance of a residential structures being consumed the same fire (Ahern and Chladil, 1999). OBryan in his paper called it out as a policy based on misquoted text (O'Bryan, 2014). It was noted that the correlation between proximity to vegetation, trees and presence of trees, proximity of combustible materials to the house or other vegetation in the compound, and the damage to houses and property was totally financial as both affected and unaffected houses had similar statistical values. It is further suggested that, rather than distance between vegetation and trees, the relevant authorities should have concentrated on distance from the ember source as the primary parameter for prevention of damage to residential property by the fires (O'Bryan, 2014). State and Territory Level: Both OBryans paper and the commissions report indicate that there were inadequate regulatory policies for the prevention of the bushfires. The commissions report indicate that the preparatory advice given by the County Fire Authority (CFA) was also not sufficient to help residents plan well in order to prevent fire damage to homes. This is indicated by the fact that 24% of houses that were prepared in compliance to the CFA advice were still either damaged or destroyed with casualties and fatalities still being reported in these incidents (O'Bryan, 2014). The government taskforces research also indicated that some residents were caught up in the fire because no timely information about it had been given and only noticed when it was too late. A large number of the people interviewed report having gotten the information about the fire and its whereabouts from friends and family who had either been affected themselves or had gotten the information from some other source. It has been reported that, while most radio and television stations talked about the fire, they did not air warning messages in good time. This and other sources indicate that a majority of the residents who got an evacuation message either via radio or via some other means only got it when it was too late to do anything but escape immediately (Booth et al., 2015). This indicates a flaw in the disaster communication system, an observation which was also made later by the Queensland Flood Commission of Inquiry after the 2011 Brisbane flooding (Insurance Council of Australia, 2011). While the government cannot entirely be blamed for untimely information, it raises a few eyebrows when the lack of it may have been directly or indirectly responsible for the deaths of 171 people. The following graph shows the disasters that have occurred in Melbourne over the last century and their location Individual/ Household Level: Another thing learnt from the house loss survey is the ineffectiveness of the prepare, stay and defend or leave early strategy. This is because, as seen in the overall demographics, a majority of the people who died, died in their homes. Some died in their yards abut as seen in the reports and data presentation, most people who died did so trying to defend their homes. The policy advises to either leave early or stay behind and prepare well for the fire. This advice may have been effective in a different scenario but with the poor communication in this particular case, most people did not have time to adequately prepare for the fires (McLennan et al., 2012). While some people were unprepared because of lack of enough time due to poor communication, some were unprepared because they did not see the need to. This is evidenced in the report when 4 out of every 5 people interviewed who were unprepared for the fires acknowledge that they did not see the need to. This has raised questions about the state and national governments role in nursing proper bushfire preparedness. For a state that had experienced a similar disaster but of a slightly lesser magnitude back in 1999, it would be expected that they would have had preparatory measures at least when the first fires broke out. However, it can be noted that a large factor contributing to how the people reacted was an assumptive attitude that sought to play down the threat until it was too late (O'Bryan, 2014). Conditions Giving Rise To Property Losses Among the conditions that gave rise to these losses are the poor advisories and regulations. This is evidenced above by the fact that CFA advisories on preparedness still did not help preserve the buildings affected by the fires. Another example is given where 12% of houses that were destroyed or damaged were compliant with either AS 3959 while another 14% were compliant with WMO regulations. The compliance to those regulations seemingly made no difference to the preservation of the houses and property. This shows a fault in the regulatory measures put in place as they were not effective at the time (O'Bryan, 2014). Another condition that provided for the losses was the attitude of the people on the wake of the disaster. A majority of the people who had not prepared their houses for disasters are noted to have not done so because they saw no need to. While it can be argued that the bushfires caught the nation by surprise, it is also a wonder that people living in areas with bushes would not put up the right measures in order to put up a formidable defense. While this condition is not attributable to the loss of property, it cannot be attributable to the loss of life (Hayes et al., 2010) Another condition that proved to contribute to the loss of houses and other effects is the lack of proper communication. As the reports indicate a very late warning alert form the radio stations, it is assumable is that poor condition did serve as a condition for the overall fire effect. In the past, proper communication has helped people going through a natural disaster similar to the one in this case. It is therefore possible to assume that it would have a similar effect on the population in question. Poor communication in this case includes with television and radio (Attiwill and Adams, 2013). Contributions Of The Victorian Royal Commission Final Report Among the contributions of the Victorian Royal Commission Final Report, the biggest is the identification of the sources and possible causes of bushfires and how they spread. Despite having experienced a similar tragedy of less magnitude back in 1999, the data, having been compared has shown some consistency ruling out the coincidences and unverified information. The repetitive data was compiled both by the states commission and independent parties either consulted by the state or publishing their work online. With this information, further preparation plans can be drawn and better preparation methods can be achieved. The information here provides a reference point in case of any planning activities (ONeil and Handmer, 2012). The report indicated that a lot of policies and regulations that were in place then had been either ineffective or not implemented well enough. One of the best examples of this is the fact that 24 out of 26 houses burnt up completely were located in Marysville, a region that has had strict building codes. The building codes, having been highly prioritizing, must have given a false sense of preparedness leading to many losing their lives and property. This report has therefore contributed to the body of knowledge about bushfires and the then method of preparedness in case of further study. The report released also highlighted the need for further research on bushfires. It provided a starting point offering statistical data both for the affected regions, property and individuals and the mode of both ignition and spread. It is with this in mind that researchers have been able to recommend solutions for the unpreparedness. The reports contribution to the research sector, while not entirely exhaustive has also helped study the human behaviour in a hid to provide for better interventions in the future. Further researches and comparisons have been done and a database created allowing for accurate and timely information management (ONeill and Handmer, 2012). The report, in highlighting the behavioural tendencies of the people, also contributed to identifying possible places and centers of mass relief. When the fires broke out and people ran, a majority of them, as indicated in the report, admitted to running to public spaces e.g. schools, parks, hospitals, police stations and churches. These places, at the time, seemed more secure than their homes. Having observed this, we can say that the report contributed to disaster management of recurrent and similar crises. While this is different from personal preparedness, disaster management goes a long way in mitigating the effects of the disasters and helping the people affected deal with the aftermath of it all (Hughes and Mercer, 2009). Conclusion: It is noteworthy that, aside from a few regulations that have been incorporated to enable the government to mitigate the effect of the fire, that no lasting solution has since been established. With this in mind, it is also noteworthy that fire preparation is important both by the individual or house hold, or the regional authority. As such, further research is still needed on this field in order to improve the chances of both human and property survival (Ladds et al., 2011) References Ahern, A., and Chladil, M., 1999. How far do bushfires penetrate urban areas? In Bushfire 99 Australian Bushfire Conference, Albury. Attiwill, P. M., Adams, M. A. (2013). management, inquiries and politics in the eucalypt forests of Victoria, south-eastern Australia. 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